Biomechanical Effect of Valgus Knee Braces on the Treatment of Medial Gonarthrosis: A Systematic Review

Table 5

Studies that evaluated the effect of knee brace on morphological results in medial gonarthrosis.

References	Type of brace	Sample size	Duration	Study design	Outcome measurements	Results
Arazpour et al. [23]	Double-hinged brace (air cushions)	1 P (1F)	Immediate effect	Static standing	Varus angle	The knee varus rotation angle was reduced by 6°.
Dennis et al. [61]	Double-hinged brace	45 P (-)	Immediate effect	Walk	DJS	78% of patients at heel strike and 70% of patients at midstance phase were observed medial condylar separation.
Dessinger et al. [62]	Single-hinged brace	20 P (-)	Immediate effect	Walk	DJS	The medial joint space was significantly increased, and the location of the contact point was lateral shifted.
Draganich et al. [29]	Double-hinged brace	10 P (-)	4-5 weeks	Static standing	Varus angle	The knee varus angle was significantly decreased by 1.5°.
Haladik et al. [63]	Double-hinged brace	10 P (1F/9M)	2 weeks	Walk	DJS	The joint space and contact center location were not significantly changed.
Nagai et al. [52]	Double-hinged brace	10 P (2F/8M)	2 weeks	Walk	DJS	Medical compartment DJS was significantly increased.
Pfeiffer et al. [64]	—	24 H (15F/9M)	1 week	Walk	MCCA	The percent change of MCCA was no different.

P: patient; F: female; M: male; H: healthy; (-): not mentioned; DJS: dynamic joint space; MCCA: medial cartilage cross-sectional area.