Review Article

Water and Wastewater Pipe Nondestructive Evaluation and Health Monitoring: A Review

Figure 2

Different types of pipe breaks. Adapted from [6]. (a) Circumferential cracking; (b) Longitudinal cracking; (c) Bell splitting; (d) Corrosion pitting; (e) Blow-out hole; (f) Spiral cracking; (g) Bell shearing.
818597.fig.002a
(a)
818597.fig.002b
(b)
818597.fig.002c
(c)
818597.fig.002d
(d)
818597.fig.002e
(e)
818597.fig.002f
(f)
818597.fig.002g
(g)