Effect of Reduced 𝑘₀ Zone on Time-Dependent Analysis of Tunnels

Table 2

Cam clay parameters for Baghdad silty clay soil.

𝐶𝑐	𝐶𝑠	𝜆	𝜅	𝑀
0.2	0.02	0.0866	0.00866	1.2

Note. 𝜙=30^∘. 𝐶_𝑐: the compression index, 𝐶_𝑠: the swelling index, 𝜆: the slope of the normal consolidation line, 𝜅: the slope of the swelling line, and 𝑀: the gradient of the critical state line.