Analytical Model for the End-Bearing Capacity of Tapered Piles Using Cavity Expansion Theory

Table 1

Geometrical configuration of different types of piles.

Types of model piles	Naming	𝐿; mm	𝐷𝑡; mm	𝐷; mm	α; °	FRP reinforcement direction	Modulus of elasticity; (GPa)
Model steel piles	S	500	25	25	0.00	na	2
	T-1	500	35	25	0.70	na	2
	T-2	500	45	25	1.40	na	2
Prototype FRP piles	FC	1524	168.3	168.3	0.00	na	31.86
	T-3	1524	170.0	198.0	0.53	0°	33.20
	T-4	1524	159.0	197.0	0.71	0°	33.15
	T-5	1524	155.0	215.0	1.13	0°	33.15

Note: 𝐿: length of pile; 𝐷_𝑡: diameter at the pile head; 𝐷: pile tip diameter; FRP: fiber-reinforced polymer; 𝛼: angle of tapering; na: not applicable.