Research Article
Fracture Mechanics Models for Brittle Failure of Bottom Rails due to Uplift in Timber Frame Shear Walls
Figure 2
(a) Splitting failure along the bottom side of the rail; (b) splitting failure along the edge side of the rail; and (c) yielding and withdrawal of the nails in the sheathing-to-framing joints.
(a) Mode 1 |
(b) Mode 2 |
(c) Mode 3 |