Using Expert Opinion to Quantify Uncertainty in and Cost of Using Nondestructive Evaluation on Bridges

Table 6

Concrete and steel NDE methods response descriptive statistics for the reliability and the COVs indicated by participant responses.

	Average	Standard deviation	COVs indicated by participant responses
Concrete NDE methods
Cover meters/pachometer	4.13	0.83	0.078
Electrical potential	3.50	0.84	0.093
Impact echo	3.40	0.55	0.097
Mechanical sounding	4.11	0.78	0.078
Radar	3.71	1.11	0.086
Rebound hammer	2.67	0.82	0.147
Thermal	2.60	0.89	0.153
Ultrasonic testing	4.14	0.90	0.078
Visual inspection	4.00	0.87	0.080
Steel NDE methods
Acoustic emission	4.00	—	0.080
Liquid penetrant testing	3.67	1.21	0.088
Magnetic particle testing-crack detection	4.00	0.71	0.080
Magnetic particle testing-weld inspection	3.75	0.50	0.085
Radiography	4.25	0.50	0.076
Ultrasonic testing-crack detection	3.80	0.45	0.084
Ultrasonic testing-pin inspection	3.83	0.75	0.083
Ultrasonic testing-weld Inspection	4.00	0.82	0.080
Visual inspection	3.67	1.03	0.088