Effect of Thickness of Gravel Base and Asphalt Pavement on Road Deformation

Table 1

Parameters for the embankment model.

Layer	Height (m)	Elastic modulus	Poisson’s ratio	Constitutive model
Asphalt pavement	H1 = 0.1, 0.15, 0.18, and 0.2	1000 MPa	0.3	Elastic
Gravel base	H2 = 0.20, 0.40, and 0.60	—	—	Mohr–Coulomb
Embankment fill	H3 = 8 − H1 − H2	40 MPa	0.27	Elastic
Foundation	H4 = 10	40 MPa	0.27	Elastic