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References | Antioxidant | Properties evaluated | Findings |
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Mohammed [165] | CRABit (CR30 and CR50) | Resilient modulus, indirect tensile strength, creep, and fatigue resistance | Improvement in the engineering properties and the performance with the modification, particularly with CR30 |
Apeagyei et al. [166, 167] | Furfural and DLTDP; AOXADUR | Cracking potential, dynamic modulus, creep compliance, and tensile strength | Antioxidant-modified asphalt mixtures performed better than those with unmodified asphalt mixtures |
Apeagyei [59] | DLTDP/furfural, hydrated lime, vitamin E, carbon black, Irgafos P-EPQ, and Irganox 1010 | Stiffness modulus, cracking potential | Furfural and DLTDP additives provided a 40 percent reduction in aging compared to unmodified binders. Antioxidant-modified binders had a lower stiffness modulus and flexural stiffness compared to untreated binders |
Reyes [168] | Vitamin E as an antioxidant modifier; hydrated lime and fly-ash as stabilization agents | Viscosity, stiffness, fatigue resistance, rutting potential | Vitamin E–modified binder showed better resistance against fatigue cracking but there is concern on rutting resistance |
Pan et al. [52] | Coniferyl-alcohol lignin | Viscosity and ductility | Coniferyl-alcohol lignin can slower oxidation and hardening |
Williams [169] | Agriculturally derived lignin-containing ethanol coproducts 3–12% | Rheological properties from DSR and BBR | Lignin-containing coproducts showed beneficial antioxidant activity and stiffened the binder at all stages of aging |
University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign [158] | AOXADUR which consists of three additives: aldehyde, thioester, and a caltalyst. | Stiffness, thermal stress and cracking potential | Dramatic increase in high-temperature stiffness and a substantial decrease in low-temperature stiffness |
Dessouky and Diaz [170] | Copolymers solution ethylene-butylene/styrene (SEBS) and solution styrene-butadiene rubber (SSBR) with enhanced antioxidant agents | Brittleness | Copolymers improved the rutting and moisture resistance of the modified asphalt mixtures but they decreased the fatigue life compared to the control mixture |
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