Parametric Study on Mixed Torsional Behavior of U-Shaped Thin-Walled RC Girders

Table 4

Comparison of the simulated and calculated ultimate torques.

Parametrically studied cases		Ultimate torque (kNm)		Simulation/calculation
		Simulation	Calculation
Fixed-fixed supported cases with varying span length (Figure 15)	SL-CL ratio 2.0	176.4	174.3	1.01
	SL-CL ratio 2.5	169.2	152.2	1.11
	SL-CL ratio 3.0	157.6	137.5	1.15
	SL-CL ratio 3.5	141.7	126.8	1.12
	SL-CL ratio 4.0	126.8	114.7	1.11
	SL-CL ratio 4.5	115.6	104.2	1.11
	SL-CL ratio 5.0	106.4	95.7	1.11
Simply supported cases with varying span length (Figure 15)	SL-CL ratio 2.0	116.2	114.7	1.01
	SL-CL ratio 2.5	99.8	95.7	1.04
	SL-CL ratio 3.0	89.7	83.5	1.07
	SL-CL ratio 3.5	83.2	75.4	1.10
	SL-CL ratio 4.0	78.6	69.9	1.12
Cases with varying ratios of longitudinal bars to stirrups (Figure 18)	L-S ratio 1.6	127.8	109.5	1.17
	L-S ratio 2.0	149.5	133.1	1.12
	L-S ratio 2.4	157.7	148.8	1.06
	L-S ratio 2.8	159.5	157.5	1.01
	L-S ratio 3.2	159.7	157.5	1.01
	L-S ratio 3.6	160.2	157.5	1.02
Cases with the characteristic length of 1.8 m (Figure 20)	Fixed-fixed supported	130.3	120.2	1.08
	Simply supported	79.4	71.1	1.12
Cases with the characteristic length of 2.5 m (Figure 20)	Fixed-fixed supported	149.3	134.8	1.11
	Simply supported	98.7	90.5	1.09
Average value				1.08
Standard deviation				0.06
Coefficient of variation				5.6%