Estimating the Effects of Tunnelling on Preexisting Jointed Pipelines

Figure 3

Schematic diagrams of pipe-soil interaction. (a) Vertical pipe-soil interaction (when the maximum ground settlement is located beneath a joint). (b) Axial pipe-soil interaction (when the maximum ground settlement is located beneath a joint). (c) Vertical pipe-soil interaction (when the maximum ground settlement is located beneath the centre of pipe segment). (d) Axial pipe-soil interaction (when the maximum ground settlement is located beneath the centre of pipe segment).

(a)

(b)

(c)

(d)