Research Article

Project Benefits of Digital Fabrication in Irregular-Shaped Buildings

Table 2

Details of cases.

PJT no.PJT name (city/country)Total area (m2)Irregular-shaped segments (m2)Irregular-shaped segment materialNumber of membersFabrication methodInterior/exteriorMember sizeWork typeConstruction PeriodSoftware

P1GT tower (Seoul/Korea)54,58319,000AL. BAR glass22,000 EA
12,500 EA
CNC machineExterior1,400/1,450 mm × 4,500/6,000/7,000 mm
1,400/1,450 mm × 550/1,100 mm
Curtain wall12 monthsCATIA
P2Tri bowl (Incheon/Korea)2,8933,012AL. panel2,308 EACNC machineExterior1,600 mm × 800 mmExterior finish8 monthsCATIA, Rhino
P3DDP (Seoul/Korea)83,02433,228AL. panel45,133 EACNC machine and MDSFExterior1,600 mm × 1,200 mmExterior finish14 monthsCATIA, Rhino, TEKLA
P4Ecorium (Seocheon/Korea)33,0919,628Glass32,093 EACNC machineExterior540 mm × 540 mmSteel curtain wall24 monthsCATIA
P5Theme Pavilion of Yeosu EXPO (Yeosu/Korea)7,414GFRP98 EACNC machine and MDSFExteriorExterior finish20 monthsCATIA
P6Lotte World tower Podium (Seoul/Korea)328,3518,181NT panel
AL. BAR
17,934 EA
11,791 EA
CNC machineInterior1000 mm × 200 mmInterior finish10 monthsCATIA
P7The Arc (Daegu/Korea)5,9631,991ETFE336 EACNC machineExterior3,000 mm × 2,500 mmSteel exterior finish5 monthsCATIA
P8KEB HANA Bank (Seoul/Korea)16,2873450UHPC256 EACNC machine and moldExterior2,000 mm × 4,200/4,400/6,200 mmExterior finish12 monthsCATIA
P9Korea National Maritime Museum (Busan/Korea)25,803CNC machineExteriorCurtain wallTEKLA
P10BEAT360 (Seoul/Korea)1,880Al. panel
Wood panel
7,553 EA; 8,800 EACNC machineInterior/exteriorInterior/exterior finish
P11Denver Art Museum (Denver/USA)13,56416,538Titanium panel9,000 EACNC machineExterior2,100 mm × 800 mmExterior finish39 monthsCATIA, TEKLA
P12Water Cube (Beijing/China)90,00052,000ETFE4,000 EACNC machine and pressureExteriorDiameter-7,500 mm CircleSteel exterior finish50 monthsRhino, 3D MAX, Microstation
P13Bird’s Nest (Beijing/China)260,00038,500
53,000
ETFE
PTFE
884 EA
1,044 EA
CNC machine and pressureExteriorSteel exterior finish46 monthsTEKLA
P14Basra Sports City (Basra/Iraq)65,000GFRP560 EAMoldExteriorLength: 300,000 mmExterior finish53 monthsCATIA, TEKLA
P15Louis Vuitton Foundation (Paris/France)11,00013,500
9,000
Concrete
Glass
19,000 EA
3,600 EA
CNC machine and MSVExterior3,000 mm × 1,500 mm
1,500 mm × 400 mm
Exterior finish74 monthsCATIA
P16Louisiana State Museum and Sports Hall of fame (Natchitoches/USA)28,0001,380Cast Stone panel1,150 EACNC machineInterior/exterior2,000 mm × 500 mmInterior/exterior finishNavisworks
P17Hangzhou Sports Park Stadium (Hangzhou/China)400,00015,000AL. Panel55 EACNC machineExteriorHeight: 12 m–18 mExterior finish84 monthsGrasshopper
P18Perot Museum of Nature and Science (Dallas/USA)180,0009,300Concrete steel700 EA
8,400 EA
CNC machine and moldExterior9,200 mm × 2,400 mmExterior finish31 monthsREVIT
P19Phoenix Biomedical Campus: Health Sciences Education Building (Phoenix/USA)24,8988,910Copper panel6,000 EAPress brake-punch-and-die machineExterior3,300 mm × 300/450/760 mmExterior finish27 monthsREVIT
P20Zlote Tarasy (Warszawa/Poland)205,00010,240Glass
Steel
4,788 EA
7,123 EA
CNC machineExterior2.14㎡ per panelExterior finish52 months
P21Weltstadthaus (Cologne/Germany)14,4004,900Glass6,800 EACNC machineExterior0.72㎡ per a panelExterior finish72 months
P22BMW Welt (Munich/Germany)16,5008,000Glass4,500 EACNC machineInterior/exterior2.22㎡ per a moduleInterior/exterior finish56 monthsNemetschek Allplan
P23Museo Soumaya (Mexico City/Mexico)16,000Steel16,000 EACNC machineExterior630 mm hexagonExterior finish38 monthsCATIA
P24O-14 tower (Dubai/UAE)28,000ConcreteCNC machine and moldExteriorExterior finish48 monthsRhino, SAP2000
P25Qatar National Museum (Doha/Qatar)47,000120,000GFRC75,000 EAMoldExterior400 m × 250 m per discExterior finish72 monthsCATIA
P26University of technology Sydney (Sydney/Australia)16,0305,594Customized brick320,000 EAMoldExteriorBrick: 76 mm × 110 mm × 230 mmExterior finish24 monthsREVIT
P27Benz Museum (Stuttgart/Germany)16,5006,171
5,289
Glass
AL. Panel
1,800 EA
1,000 EA
MoldExteriorExterior finish36 months