An Improved Low-Cost Continuous Compaction Detection Method for the Construction of Asphalt Pavement

Table 1

Typical CCC system products.

Country	Manufacturer	Product	Components
Sweden	Dynapac	DCA system	(1) DGPS/RTK-GPS (Trimble)
			(2) Industrial computer with CompBase software
			(3) Acceleration sensor, rear axle sensor, infrared temperature sensor
Germany	BOMAG	AM2 system	(1) DGPS/ATS (Trimble) with BCM 05 software
			(2) Roller operation control unit (Tablet PC)
			(3) Acceleration sensor, travel sensor, infrared temperature sensor
Japan	Sakai	CIS2 system	(1) VRS network (Topcon)/MC-R3GPS
			(2) Operator station
			(3) Acceleration sensor, infrared temperature sensor
United States	Hammer (Wirtgen Group)	HCQ navigator system	(1) DGPS (Trimble)/OmniStar GPS (2–4 inches)
			(2) Dashboard with Wi-Fi network (Tablet PC)
			(3) Acceleration sensor, infrared temperature sensor
United States	Caterpillar	ACC system	(1) MS952 RTK-GPS/SBAS
			(2) CB460 control box
			(3) Accelerometer sensor, infrared temperature sensor, pressure sensor, angle sensor
United States	Volvo	Density Direct™ system	(1) DGPS/GPS 3320 radio and receiver
			(2) Copilot operator station
			(3) Acceleration sensor, infrared temperature sensor
United States	Case (Amman Group)	ACE system	(1) MS 990 antennas (GPS + GLONASS)/MS972 RTK-GPS (Trimble)
			(2) CB450 control box
			(3) Acceleration sensor, slope sensor (AS400), infrared temperature sensor (IS310)

Note. For the protection of intellectual property rights, the CCC systems above are basically installed and used on the rollers of their own manufacturers. DCA, Dynapac Compaction Analyzer; AM2, Asphalt Manager 2; CIS2, Compaction Information System 2; HCQ, Hamm Compaction Quality; ACC, AccuGrade Compaction Control; ACE, Ammann Compaction Expert; ATS, Applicant Tracking System; BCM, BOMAG Compaction Management; RTK, Real-Time Kinematic; SBAS, Satellite-Based Augmentation Systems.