A Review of Multicriteria Assessment Techniques Applied to Sustainable Infrastructure Design

Table 3

Main social criteria and indicators.

Social criteria	Indicator	Assessment	References
Social wellbeing	Increase of income of local population (€/year)	Quantitative	[48, 49]
	Assessment by experts through point scale	Qualitative	[25, 28, 29, 31, 36, 39–41, 45, 66, 69, 71, 73, 77, 78, 81, 88, 91, 98, 101]
	Habitability increase (m^2)	Quantitative	[21]
	Comfort (hours/year)	Quantitative	[30]
Aesthetics	Assessment by experts through point scale	Qualitative	[23–25, 27, 31, 33, 38, 40, 42, 43, 51, 52, 54,55, 58, 62, 63, 67, 71, 75, 77, 81, 88, 96–98]
Job creation	Hours of work/output unit	Quantitative	[64, 65, 68, 70, 87]
	Gross value added/hour worked	Quantitative	[99]
	Unemployment rate	Quantitative	[96]
	Employment increase (%)	Quantitative	[48, 49]
	Assessment by experts through point scale	Qualitative	[45, 66, 69, 73, 77]
Development of local economies	GDP increase (€)	Quantitative	[48, 49, 99]
	Land value degradation (€/m^2)	Quantitative	[96]
	Assessment by experts through point scale	Qualitative	[31, 33, 45, 67, 71, 73, 77, 78, 98]
Externalities	Noise pollution (dB)	Quantitative	[19, 90, 92–94, 96]
	Traffic congestion (travel time)	Quantitative	[90]
	Vehicle operating costs (€), user delay costs (€)	Quantitative	[53]
	Assessment by experts through point scale	Qualitative	[29, 31, 39, 42, 45, 51, 54, 59, 60, 63, 100]
Innovation	Assessment by experts through point scale	Qualitative	[38–40, 45, 75, 98]
Culture	Assessment by experts through point scale	Qualitative	[29, 31, 38, 45, 62, 71, 77, 98]
Health and safety	Injuries/output unit	Quantitative	[65, 67, 87]
	Fatalities/output unit	Quantitative	[68]
	Particulate matter (PM) concentration (PM2.5/PM10)	Quantitative	[36, 90]
	Safety costs (€)	Quantitative	[53]
	Assessment by experts through point scale	Qualitative	[19, 21, 29, 31–33, 39, 42, 43, 45, 58–60, 75, 77, 82, 85, 88, 91, 93, 94, 97, 98, 100, 101]