Life-Cycle Assessment of High-Strength Concrete Mixtures with Copper Slag as Sand Replacement

Figure 2

Dynamic compressive strength, flexural strength, and tensile splitting strength of copper slag concrete mixes (adapted from Wu et al. [31]). Note: fcf, 28 d: average flexural strength, moist-cured at 28 days; fcs, 28 d: average tensile splitting strength, moist-cured at 28 days; fcd1, 90 d: average dynamic compressive strength at a strain rate of ∼100 s⁻¹, at 90 days curing age; fcd2, 90 d: average dynamic compressive strength at a strain rate of ∼200 s⁻¹, at 90 days curing age; fcd3, 90 d: average dynamic compressive strength at a strain rate of ∼300 s⁻¹, at 90 days curing age.