Research Article
Upper-Bound Finite Element Adaptive Analysis of Plane Strain Heading in Soil with a Soft Upper Layer and Hard Lower Layer
Figure 2
Dimensionless critical surcharge loading for uniform soil. (a) ϕ = 0°. (b) ϕ = 5°. (c) ϕ = 15°. (d) ϕ = 25°.
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(b) |
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