Identifying Factors Affecting the Sustainability of Water Environment Treatment Public-Private Partnership Projects

Table 1

Sustainable development indicators.

Dimension	Codes	Indicator	Sources
Economic sustainability (Eco)	Eco1	Internal return ratio (IRR)	[10, 44]
	Eco2	Land value-added benefit around the project	[10, 39, 45] expert interviews
	Eco3	Life-cycle cost	[10, 18, 39, 46–48]
	Eco4	Sustainable cash flow	[10, 45]
	Eco5	Effects on local economy and development	[10, 45, 49]
	Eco6	Fiscal pressures of government	[50, 51] expert interviews
Social sustainability (Soc)	Soc1	Public satisfaction	[13, 46–48, 52] expert interviews
	Soc2	Provision of employment opportunities	[10, 39, 45, 53]
	Soc3	Potential impact on social development	[10, 45, 54]
	Soc4	Trust between public and government	[55, 56]
	Soc5	Provision of ancillary infrastructure to local area	[10, 45, 47, 48]
	Soc6	Improvement of the cognition level of the public regarding sustainable development	[45, 57, 58]
Resource and environment sustainability (Res)	Res1	Effect on water quality	[10, 45]
	Res2	Reduction of pollutant discharge	[59, 60] expert interviews
	Res3	Energy efficiency (e.g., reduction of energy consumption and use of renewable energy resources)	[10, 18, 45, 61]
	Res4	Biodiversity protection	[10, 39, 46]
	Res5	Protection for landscape and historical sites	[10, 39, 46, 61]
	Res6	Sewage treatment rate	[62, 63] expert interviews
	Res7	Comprehensive utilization of water resources	[46, 64]
	Res8	Use of innovative materials	[10, 18, 39, 46, 61, 65]
Engineering sustainability (Eng)	Eng1	Completeness of supporting facilities for the project	[66] expert interviews
	Eng2	Renewal of project facilities	[9, 13]
	Eng3	Construction quality	[61]
	Eng4	Control of pollution sources	[59, 60]
	Eng5	Adoption of advanced engineering technology	[9, 44]
	Eng6	Project quality during operation	[52]
	Eng7	Sustainability of the technology itself	[52, 67] expert interviews
	Eng8	Capabilities of operation and maintenance	[9, 64]
	Eng9	Utilization of construction waste	[9, 39, 46–48, 61]
	Eng10	Waste recycling and reuse	[39, 46, 57]
Project management sustainability (Pro)	Pro1	Organization structure	[25, 47]
	Pro2	Continual improvement of the operation management system	[52, 67]
	Pro3	Competence and skills of the project team	[47, 68]
	Pro4	Contractual arrangements	[13, 25, 44, 61]
	Pro5	Establishment of the PPP contract renegotiation mechanism	[25] expert interviews
	Pro6	(Good) relationship with stakeholders	[47]