Numerical and Theoretical Study on the Settlement of Capped Piles Composite Foundation under Embankment

Table 4

Settlement comparison of calculated and observed results.

Calculation method	This method	Es method [21]	Ep method [22]	Settlement-reducing piles method [27]	Observed data
Settlement (mm)	86.0	181.3	73.8	137.8	98.7 (P1)
					94.1 (P2)
Error (%)	10.8	88.1	23.4	42.9	—