Ecological Retaining Wall for High-Steep Slopes: A Case Study in the Ji-Lai Expressway, Eastern China

Table 3

Relevant numerical calculation parameters.

Material parameter	Analysis domain
	Flexible retaining wall	Geocell stiffener	Backfill	Foundation	Rubble footing
Elasticity modulus E (MPa)	22.3	1600	22	25	2500
Poisson’s ratio μ	0.3	0.25	0.35	0.30	0.22
Bulk density γ (kN·m^−³)	20	17	19.3	22	26
Cohesion C (kPa)	60	—	21	27	70
Friction angle φ (°)	35	—	25	25	45