Effect of Longitudinal Gradient on 3D Face Stability of Circular Tunnel in Undrained Clay

<div>Layout of the derived continuous velocity field for deep tunnel blow-out (<i>C/D</i> = 4, <i>γD</i>/<i>s</i><sub>u</sub> = 10, and <i>η</i> = 6%): (a) tunneling in downward movement; (b) tunneling in upward movement.</div>

Advances in Civil Engineering

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Figure 9

Figure 9: Effect of Longitudinal Gradient on 3D Face Stability of Circular Tunnel in Undrained Clay 