Seismic Performance Assessment of Reinforced Concrete Frame-Shear Wall Structures in Hydropower Plants Based on Material Damage

Table 2

Relationship between damage states, engineering limit states, and material damage.

Damage state	Engineering limit state
Negligible	Concrete cover cracking onset	0.1	≈0	≈0
Light	Concrete cover spalling onset		0.1
	Plastic hinge initiating	1
Moderate	Concrete cover important spalling		0.5
	Concrete core crushing onset			0.1
	Reinforcement yielding
Severe	Concrete cover severe spalling		0.8
	Concrete core important crushing			0.5

Note. is the yield strength of reinforcement.