Seismic Stability of Loess Tunnel with Rainfall Seepage

Table 2

Material parameters.

Category	Elastic modulus (MPa)	Poisson’s ratio	Gravity (kN/m^3)	Cohesive force (MPa)	Internal friction angle (°)
Before rainfall	85	0.35	18.5	0.1	25
After rainfall	30	0.35	15.58	0.075	19.8