Prediction of Dynamic Modulus of Hot Mix Asphalts with Reclaimed Asphalt Pavement
Table 1
Gradation and volumetric properties of S3 and S4 mixes.
Blended material
S3 + 25% RAP
S3 + 40% RAP
Gradation (mm)
% passing
S3 + 25% RAP
S3 + 40% RAP
Req.a
#67 rock
15%
12%
25
100
100
100
5/8” chips
22%
25%
19
99
97
90–100
Screenings
17%
8%
12.5
89
90
≤90
Manufactured sand
10%
15%
9.5
78
70
—
Natural sand
11%
0%
4.75
56
43
—
Fine RAP
25%
40%
2.36
39
24
23–49
Gmm
2.533
2.475
1.18
31
16
—
Gse
2.722
2.665
0.6
25
11
—
Gsb
2.671
2.628
0.3
18
7
—
Gb
1.01
1.01
0.15
9.0
5
—
Virgin PG binder
64–22
64–22
0.075
5.2
2.7
2–8
Total Pb (%)
4.4
4.7
LA abrasion (%)
21
22
≤40
Virgin Pb (%)
2.9
2.9
Micro-Deval (%)
11.8
12.5
≤25
VMA (%) (req.: ≥13.0)
14.5
15.2
Sand equiv. (%)
78
82
≥40
VFA (%) (req.: 65–78)
67.2
73.6
FAA (%)
43.5
42
≥40
DP (req.: 0.6–1.2)
1.4
0.8
TSR
0.87
0.82
≥80
—
—
APA rut (mm)
1.1
3.6
≤6 mm
—
—
Permeability (10−5 cm/s)
6.4
6.5
≤12.5
Blended material
S4 + 0% RAP
S4 + 10% RAP
Gradation (mm)
% passing
S4 + 0% RAP
S4 + 10% RAP
Req.a
5/8” chips
25%
30%
19
100
100
90–100
1/2” chips
18%
0%
12.5
96
98
≤90
Screenings
42%
22%
9.5
88
90
—
Manufactured sand
0%
33%
4.75
57
68
—
Natural sand
15%
5%
2.36
35
39
23–49
Fine RAP
0%
10%
1.18
28
25
—
Gmm
2.488
2.470
0.6
23
17
—
Gse
2.699
2.687
0.3
15
10
—
Gsb
2.670
2.605
0.15
7
6
—
Gb
1.01
1.01
LA abrasion (%)
18
21
≤40
Virgin PG binder
64–22
64–22
FAA (%)
42.7
41.6
≥40
Total Pb (%)
5.1
5.3
Micro-Deval (%)
7.7
11.8
≤25
Virgin Pb (%)
5.1
4.8
Sand equiv. (%)
67
75
≥40
VMA (req.: ≥14.0)
15.8
15.9
TSR
0.85
0.82
≥80
VFA (req.:65–78)
69.6
73.3
APA rut (mm)
1.39
4.2
≤6 mm
DP (req.: 0.6–1.2)
0.97
0.6
Permeability (10−5 cm/s)
3
10.4
≤12.5
aRequired for 0.3–3 M of design ESAL; RAP: recycled asphalt pavement; req.: required; equiv.: equivalent; Gmm: maximum theoretical specific gravity; Gse: effective specific gravity of aggregates; Gsb: bulk specific gravity of aggregates; TSR: tensile strength ratio; VMA: voids in mineral aggregates (%); VFA: voids filled with asphalt (%); DP: dust proportion; FAA = fine aggregates angularity; APA: asphalt pavement analyzer; Pb: binder content.
