An Investigation into the Tunnel-Soil-Pipeline Interaction by In Situ Measured Settlements of the Pipelines

Table 1

Physical and mechanical properties of the soils.

Items	Elastic modulus (MPa)	Poisson’s ratio	Cohesion (kPa)	Friction angle (°)	Density (kg·m^−3)
Miscellaneous fill	7	0.32	20	14	1800
Silty clay	9	0.32	30	20	1900
Gravel and embedded medium-coarse sand	55	0.28	5	40	2150
Gravel	67	0.23	1	44	2150