Research of Method for Improving Antifreeze-Thaw Performance Based on Asphalt Mixture Freeze-Thaw Damage Development Process

Figure 8

Relationships between different layers and scale factors by the model. (a) Z-grade of 5.8% asphalt-aggregate ratio. (b) S-grade of 5.3% asphalt-aggregate ratio. (c) Z-grade of 5.3% asphalt-aggregate ratio. (d) S-grade of 5.8% asphalt-aggregate ratio. (e) Z-grade of 4.8% asphalt-aggregate ratio. (f) S-grade of 4.8% asphalt-aggregate ratio.

(a)

(b)

(c)

(d)

(e)

(f)