Effects of Groove Feature on Shear Behavior of Steel-Sand Interface

Figure 2

(a) ① Steel ring; ② connecting bolts for fixing the steel ring and lower shear box; ③ circular hole at the bottom of the lower box; ④ bolts for fixing the structure in the lower box; ⑤ bolt hole for connecting the upper shear box. (b) Lower shear box for direct shear apparatus.

(a)

(b)