Seismic Damage Rapid Assessment of Road Networks considering Individual Road Damage State and Reliability of Road Networks in Emergency Conditions

Table 4

Factors of seismic road damage.

Factors	Classification	Features
Highway classification	Expressway	Better seismic performance
	First-class	Better seismic performance
	Second-class
	Third-class	Failure occurs more frequently
	Fourth-class	Failure occurs more frequently
Subgrade type	No digging and no filling	No damage
	Cutting	Destruction accounts for 26% of the total damage
	Embankment	Destruction accounts for 28% of the total damage
	Half-filled and half-dug	Failure occurs most frequently (48%)
Supporting and retaining type	Reinforced retaining wall, prestressed cable, facing wall	Beneficial to mitigating damage
	Gravity-type concrete	Failure occurs most frequently
	Gravity-type wet masonry	More serious damage
	No	Not conducive to mitigating damage
Soil type of the site	I
	II
	III	Intensifying the damage slightly
	IV	Intensifying the damage
Slope height (h)	0 m	The least number of damages occurred
	0 m < h ≤ 15	Less destruction occurs
	15 m < h ≤ 40 m
	40 m < h ≤ 120 m	More susceptible to damage
	120 m < h	More susceptible to damage
Slope angle (θ)	0°	The least number of damages occurred
	0° < θ ≤ 35°
	35° < θ ≤ 65°	Failure occurs most frequently
	65° < θ	More susceptible to damage
Protective measure	No, steening retaining wall	Not conducive to resisting seismic, small quantity
	Frame beam, precast block	Beneficial to seismic
	Hanging net and guniting, safety netting system	Can resist part of seismic
	Shotcrete, mortar	Not conducive to resisting seismic
Height difference of subgrade	h ≤ 1 m
	1 m < h ≤ 3 m
	3 m < h ≤ 5 m
	5 m < h
Seismic fortification intensity	VI
	VII
	VIII
	IX
Practical intensity	VI
	VII
	VIII
	IX
	X
	XI