Experimental and Numerical Simulation Study on the Shear Strength Characteristics of Magnolia multiflora Root-Soil Composites

Figure 8

Shear stress-displacement curves of root-soil composites with different root arrangement: (a) ordinary soil; (b) 90° + 90°; (c) 90° + 45°; (d) 45° + 45°.

(a)

(b)

(c)

(d)