A Review of Employer-Caused Delay Factors in Traditional and Building Information Modeling (BIM)-Enabled Projects: Research Framework

Table 11

BIM barrier factors for employer-caused delay factors.

BIM barrier factors for employer-caused delay factors	References to previous studies (year)
Legal and contractual challenges (ownership of data and traditional procurement methodology)	Chien et al. [22], Eadie et al. [26], and Azhar et al. [25]
Cost implications at the outset of BIM implementation on purchase of software licenses, hardware upgrade, and training cost and time	Gerges et al. [134] and Matarneh and Hamed [135]
Uncertainty regarding benefits and return on investment	Azhar et al. [25]
Lack of contractual arrangements	Harrison and Thurnell [136] and Banawi [137]
Lack of BIM specialists	Bui [38] and Gerges et al. [134]
Difficulties in managing changes in BIM	Chien et al. [22] and Azhar et al. [25]
Drastic changes in the organizational chart and workflow because of BIM implementation	Volk et al. [138]