Review Article

A Review of Employer-Caused Delay Factors in Traditional and Building Information Modeling (BIM)-Enabled Projects: Research Framework

Table 9

Employer-caused delay factors sorted under the proposed delay aspects.

Delay group/delay aspectEmployer-caused delay factors

Managerial aspectsDelay in approving changes in the scope of work and specifications
Lack of communication between all parties, including the employer
Slowness in the decision-making process by the employer
Failure to treat delays during project implementation
Suspension of work by the employer
Unreasonable constraints imposed by the employer
The poor organizational structure of the employer’s organization
Delay in furnishing and delivering the site to the contractor by the employer
Lack of early planning for the project
Delay in supply of material by the employer
Delay in tendering system requirements

Social aspectsDelay in acquiring land from citizens
Bureaucratic hurdles in the employer’s organization

Technical aspectsApplication of quality control based on foreign specifications
Lack of experience of the employer in construction projects
Irregular attendance in the weekly meeting
Wrong selection of site by the employer

Financial aspectsDelay in the progress of payments by the employer
Underestimation of the cost of projects
Insufficiency of the budget available with the employer
Improper investment criteria and feasibility study by the employer

Contractual aspectsContract modifications and site changes by the employer
Type of project bidding and awarding
Unavailability of incentives for the contractor for finishing ahead of schedule
Ineffective delay penalties
Damaging penalties imposed on the contractor
Late contract awarding
Problems with claims
Delay by the employer in approving completed work (i.e., stage passing)
Claims arising from late compensation for land acquisition
Short original contract duration