Analysis of Ground Movement during Large-Scale Pipe Roof Installation and Artificial Ground Freezing of Gongbei Tunnel

<table class="table-group" id="tab1"><tr><td><table class="table"><tr><td class="thead-hr" colspan="5"><hr/></td></tr><tr class="thead"><td class="align_left">Material</td><td class="align_center">Material type</td><td class="align_center">EA (kN/m)</td><td class="align_center">EI (kN·m<sup>2</sup>/m)</td><td class="align_center"><i>ν</i></td></tr><tr><td class="thead-hr" colspan="5"><hr/></td></tr><tr><td class="align_left">Upper pipes</td><td class="align_center">Elastic</td><td class="align_center">4200000</td><td class="align_center">140</td><td class="align_center">0.2</td></tr><tr><td class="align_left">Lower pipes</td><td class="align_center">Elastic</td><td class="align_center">5040000</td><td class="align_center">241.9</td><td class="align_center">0.2</td></tr><tr class="table-tr"><td colspan="5"><hr class="tbody-hr"/></td></tr></table></td></tr></table>

Advances in Civil Engineering

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Table 1

Table 1: Analysis of Ground Movement during Large-Scale Pipe Roof Installation and Artificial Ground Freezing of Gongbei Tunnel 