Analysis of Ground Movement during Large-Scale Pipe Roof Installation and Artificial Ground Freezing of Gongbei Tunnel

Table 4

Soil parameters before and after grouting.

Soil stratum	Thickness (m)	Unit weight (kN/m^3)		Porosity		Permeability (cm/s)		Poisson ratio		Water content (%)
		B	A	B	A	B	A	B	A	B	A
Fill	7.5	18.5	20.7	0.67	0.6	3.44e − 5	1.72e − 5	0.35	0.23	16.1	12.8
Clay and silt ③-1	2.5	15.4	17.2	0.67	0.6	2.29e − 7	1.14e − 7	0.27	0.21	38.1	33.6
Fine to coarse sand ③-3	5.0	20.0	22.4	0.31	0.27	8.55e − 4	1.70e − 5	0.25	0.22	13.5	12.2
Sandy clay and silt ④-3	4.0	17.9	20.0	0.55	0.5	3.48e − 7	1.74e − 7	0.30	0.21	38.0	33.3
Fine sand ⑤-2	10.0	20.5	22.9	0.26	0.22	4.61e − 3	1.70e − 5	0.28	0.23	13.5	12.2
Fine to coarse sand ⑥-2	2.5	19.5	21.8	0.32	0.28	3.31e − 2	1.70e − 5	0.23	0.23	10.2	9.2
Silty clay ⑦-1	11.5	18.0	20.2	0.66	0.59	6.96e − 7	3.48e − 7	0.23	0.21	33.0	26.4

Note. B represents soil parameters before grouting; A represents soil parameters after grouting.