Characteristics of Karst Cave Development in Urban Karst Area and Its Effect on the Stability of Subway Tunnel Construction

<div>Wave velocity chromatograms of the crosshole seismic CT inversion: (a) without karst profile; (b) karst moderately developed profile; (c) karst strongly developed profile. The blue lines are the interpreted karst caves.</div>

Advances in Civil Engineering

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Figure 4

Figure 4: Characteristics of Karst Cave Development in Urban Karst Area and Its Effect on the Stability of Subway Tunnel Construction 