Movements and Its In-Process Control of Ground and Built Structures due to Tunnelling in Urban Areas

Table 1

Physical and mechanical properties of soils.

Soil type	Specific weight (kN/m^3)	Elastic modulus (MPa)	Poisson's ratio	Cohesion (KPa)	Internal friction (°)
Backfill	16.60	8.20	0.34	4.90	24.50
Silt	19.90	10.10	0.31	24.30	25.20
Silty clay I	19.80	26.50	0.28	33.57	18.10
Gravel	18.90	44.60	0.22	0	39.80
Silty clay II	20.10	27.00	0.30	33.80	18.40
Silt sand	20.40	27.30	0.27	0.10	33.50