Survey on Major Worldwide Regulations on Seismic Base Isolation of Buildings

<table class="table-group" id="tab7"><tr><td><table class="table"><tr><td class="thead-hr" colspan="3"><hr/></td></tr><tr class="thead"><td class="align_left">Topographic category</td><td class="align_center"><i>S</i><sub><i>T</i></sub></td><td class="align_center">Characteristics of the topographic surface</td></tr><tr><td class="thead-hr" colspan="3"><hr/></td></tr><tr><td class="align_left"><i>T</i>1</td><td class="align_center">1.0</td><td class="align_center">Flat surfaces, smooth slopes, and isolated hills with average inclination <i>i</i> &lt; 15°</td></tr><tr><td class="align_left"><i>T</i>2</td><td class="align_center">1.2</td><td class="align_center">Slopes with average inclination <i>i</i> &gt; 15°</td></tr><tr><td class="align_left"><i>T</i>3</td><td class="align_center">1.2</td><td class="align_center">Reliefs with crest width much lower than in the base and average inclination <i>i</i>, 15° ≤ <i>i</i> ≤ 30°</td></tr><tr><td class="align_left"><i>T</i>4</td><td class="align_center">1.4</td><td class="align_center">Reliefs with crest width much lower than in the base and average inclination <i>i</i> &gt; 30°</td></tr><tr class="table-tr"><td colspan="3"><hr class="tbody-hr"/></td></tr></table></td></tr></table>

<div>Topographic amplification coefficient in the Italian code [<a href="/journals/ace/2022/6162698/#B17" target="_blank">17</a>].</div>

Advances in Civil Engineering

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Table 7

Table 7: Survey on Major Worldwide Regulations on Seismic Base Isolation of Buildings 