Contingency-Constrained Optimal Power Flow Using Simplex-Based Chaotic-PSO Algorithm

Table 5

Comparisons of four methods in two study Systems.

Study system	Method	Fitness		Performance index
		𝑓min (best)	𝑓max (worst)	Δ𝑓	𝜇	σ
26-bus	SCPSO	15499	15587	87	15573	14.3111
	CPSO	15503	15612	109	15578	26.2314
	MPSO	15545	15633	88	15618	27.1884
	IPSO	15552	15658	106	15619	27.2129
	HGA	15568	15857	189	15658	29.1129
	DE	15575	15714	139	15668	30.4691
IEEE 57-bus	SCPSO	15426	15504	78	15447	16.1596
	CPSO	15435	15550	109	15471	30.1171
	MPSO	15436	15546	110	15479	40.2011
	IPSO	15443	15561	118	15494	37.1354
	HGA	15453	15573	120	15511	47.3282
	DE	15470	15579	109	15518	39.5413