Progress on Waveguide-Integrated Graphene Optoelectronics

Figure 3

Schematics of waveguide-integrated graphene modulators. (a) Schematic of the dual-layer graphene modulator. (b) Graphene absorption as a function of driving voltage for the dual-layer graphene modulator. (c) Schematic of the multifunctional graphene modulator and photodetector. (d) Schematic of the graphene modulator integrated with air-suspended photonic crystal nanocavity. (a) and (b) are reprinted with permission from [35]. Copyright © 2012 American Chemical Society. (c) is reprinted with permission from [36]. Copyright © 2014 American Chemical Society. (d) is reprinted with permission from [38]. Copyright © 2013 American Chemical Society.

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