Enhanced Coffee-Ring Effect via Substrate Roughness in Evaporation of Colloidal Droplets

Table 1

Parameters of evaporation patterns on different substrates.

Substrate roughness (mesh of sand paper)	Width of the coffee ring (μm)	Height of the coffee ring (μm)	Crack quantity	Crack distance (μm)
Smooth glass	400 ± 10	55 ± 2	50 ± 5	63 ± 2
1500	250 ± 6	60 ± 2	48 ± 4	65 ± 2
1000	230 ± 5	63 ± 3	46 ± 3	68 ± 2
800	200 ± 5	70 ± 3	45 ± 3	70 ± 2
400	170 ± 4	75 ± 4	43 ± 2	73 ± 2
200	160 ± 4	80 ± 5	40 ± 2	78 ± 2