Enhanced Photocatalytic Activity of Vanadium-Doped SnO₂ Nanoparticles in Rhodamine B Degradation

Table 2

Crystallographic data (a and c parameters and volume of the tetragonal unit cell) and average crystallite from XRD of pure SnO₂ and SnO₂: V NPs.

Sample	Position of 2 (°)	Hkl	dhkl	a = b (Å)	c (Å)	Average crystallite size (nm) (XRD)	Average crystallite size (nm) (TEM)
Pure SnO2	26.54	110	3.354	4.743	3.207	19.8	21.2
	33.68	101	2.657			—	—
	51.69	211	1.766			—	—
SnO2: V 1% NPs	26.57	110	3.350	4.736	3.199	17.7	—
	33.76	101	2.651			—	—
	51.77	210	1.764			—	—
SnO2: V 2% NPs	26.6	110	3.347	4.733	3.195	16.8	—
	33.81	101	2.648			—	—
	51.84	211	1.761			—	—
SnO2: V 4% NPs	26.67	110	3.34	4.723	3.182	10.3	11.2
	33.92	101	2.639			—	—
	51.94	211	1.758			—	—