A truly extraordinary research effort is pressed to develop a full understanding of the properties of matters at the nanoscale and its possible applications. The aim of this special issue is to bring together in one publication the outstanding papers reporting new and original theoretical, experimental, and/or simulation works in the following areas related to optoelectronic applications.

Potential topics include, but are not limited to:

• Theory, modeling, and simulation of low-dimensional systems
• Growth and fabrication techniques for low-dimensional structures and devices
• Electronic, optical, and magnetic properties of low-dimensional systems
• Semiconductor heterostructures, superlattices, quantum wells, quantum wires, and quantum dots
• Quantum hall effects
• Novel low-dimensional systems and devices, including graphene, carbon nanotubes, and nanowires
• Nanostructure and its application
• Metal-insulator transitions
• Novel probes and experimental techniques