Ex Vivo Nicotine Stimulation Augments the Efficacy of Human Peripheral Blood Mononuclear Cell-Derived Dendritic Cell Vaccination via Activating Akt-S6 Pathway

Figure 4

The exposure of traces of LPS increases TAP-OVA-MHC class I molecules complex formation in human semimature DCs. DCs derived from human PBMC with recombinant human GM-CSF and IL-4 were conferred with nicotine (10⁻⁷ mol/L) 12~15 h stimulation. Then, the DCs were exposed to 60 min endotoxin-free EndoGrade-ovalbumin (50 μg/mL) pulse and 20 min LPS (1 ng/mL) stimulation. The effect of nicotine and LPS on the complex formation of TAP, OVA, and MHC class I molecules was observed by confocal microscope analyses. One representative from 3 independent experiments is shown. Ni: nicotine.