Molecular and Cellular Mechanisms Responsible for Beneficial Effects of Mesenchymal Stem Cell-Derived Product “Exo-d-MAPPS” in Attenuation of Chronic Airway Inflammation

Figure 2

Exo-d-MAPPS treatment prevented the influx of inflammatory macrophages and induced the expansion of alternatively activated, IL-10-producing macrophages in the CS-injured lungs. Representative dot plots showing isotype controls (a). The total number of lung-infiltrated F4/80+ macrophages was significantly lower in CS+Exo-d-MAPPS-treated animals, as evidenced by representative flow cytometry plots (b). A significantly decreased number of CD80-expressing (c), I-A-expressing (d), and TNF-α- (e) and IL-12-producing (f) F4/80+macrophages were noticed in the lungs of CS+Exo-d-MAPPS-treated mice, as evidenced by representative flow cytometry plots. Representative dot plots showing a significantly increased number of alternatively activated, CD206-expressing, (g) and IL-10-producing F4/80+ macrophages (h) were observed in CS-exposed animals that received Exo-d-MAPPS. Values are presented as ; mice/group. , , and .