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Morphological criteria: dead cell | Point of no return: dying cell |
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Loss of plasma membrane integrity | Massive activation of caspases (present also in differentiation and activation of cells) |
Cell fragmentation | Mitochondrial transmembrane permeabilization |
Engulfment by adjacent cells | Mitochondrial membrane permeabilization (with leak of catabolic enzymes or enzymatic activators) |
ā | Exposure of phosphatidylserine in the outer membrane (could be a transient process, e.g., T-cell activation) |
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