Research Article
[18F]-Fluoro-Deoxy-Glucose Positron Emission Tomography Scan Should Be Obtained Early in Cases of Autoimmune Encephalitis
Table 1
Patient characteristics.
| Patient | Sex | Age (years) | Clinical features | Cancer | Antibody monitoring (days) | VGKC titers (nmol/L) | NMDA serology | Symptom onset to diagnosis (days) | CSF WBC (cells/mm3) | CSF protein (mg/dL) | Treatment | Max number of AEDs |
| 1 | F | 91 | Altered mental status | No | Initial | 0.13 | NA | 8 | 3 | 57 | None | None |
| 2 | M | 59 | Autonomic seizure | No | Initial 54 161 273 | 1.58 4.22 15.8 1.94 | NA | 94 | 1 | 40 | IVMP × 5 days, PLEX × 5 days | 3 |
| 3 | F | 52 | Altered mental status, depression | No | Initial | 0.13 | NA | 178 | NA | 69 | IVMP × 5 days, IVIG × 5 days | 2 |
| 4 | F | 35 | Flu-like symptoms, complex partial seizure, hyponatremia, elevated microsomal and thyroglobulin antibodies | No | Initial 24 | 2.8 0.77 | NA | 54 | 2 | 34 | IVIG × 3 days, IVMP × 3 days, PLEX × 5 days | 5 |
| 5 | M | 54 | Altered mental status, hyponatremia, gelastic seizure | No | Initial | 3.89 | NA | 185 | 12 | 47 | IVMP × 5 days, PLEX × 5 days | 4 |
| 6 | M | 84 | Altered mental status, hyponatremia, tonic seizure | No | Initial | 0.13 | NA | 177 | 2 | 48 | IVMP × 5 days, PLEX × 3 days/week for 2 weeks | 2 |
| 7 | M | 22 | Psychosis | No | Initial 56 | NA | Positive Positive | 19 | 64 | 23 | IVMP × 5, PLEX × 10 d, IVIG × 5, cyclophosphamide, prednisone 5 qd | 5 |
| Average: | | 56.7 | | | 51.6 | 3.5 | | 102.1 | 12.0 | 45.4 | | |
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VGKC, voltage-gated potassium channel antibody; CSF, cerebrospinal fluid; IVMP, 1 gram of intravenous methylprednisolone; IVIG = 0.4 g/kg/d of intravenous immunoglobulin; PLEX, plasma exchange; F, female; M, male; NA, not applicable.
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