Leopard Panthera pardus fusca Density in the Seasonally Dry, Subtropical Forest in the Bhabhar of Terai Arc, Nepal

Table 4

Leopard abundance from Parsa Wildlife Reserve was estimated using Huggins closed captures with heterogeneity models in program MARK (Pledger [60], White and Burnham [59]). 𝑀_𝑏[𝑝(⋅)⋅𝑐(⋅)] is the behavioral effect. 𝑀_ℎ[𝑝(ℎ)=𝑐(ℎ)] is the heterogeneity effect, while 𝑀_𝑜[𝑝(⋅)=𝑐(⋅)] is the constant null model. AIC_c represents Akaike’s information criterion corrected for the small sample size. Difference in AIC value between top model and 𝑖th model (ΔAIC_c). Weight of support for each model (AIC_c weights, 𝜔). 𝑁 represents abundance estimate, while SE represents standard errors. Model averaged density estimates and standard errors are given in bold. *represents model selected for inferring parameter estimates.

Model	AICc	ΔAICc	AICc Weights (ω)	Model likelihood	Number of parameters (k)	Abundance estimate 𝑁(SE[𝑁])	95% Confidence interval
𝑀𝑏[𝑝(⋅)⋅𝑐(⋅)]	155.157	0	0.37089	1	3	37.18 (30.564)	20.87–195.04
𝑀ℎ[𝑝(ℎ)=𝑐(ℎ)]^∗	155.226	0.0695	0.35823	0.9659	4	29.58 (10.44)	21.10–72.30
𝑀𝑜[𝑝(⋅)=𝑐(⋅)]	155.793	0.6369	0.26974	0.7273	2	21.86 (2.50)	19.65–31.57
Model averaged results from top 3 models						30.31(20.60)	20.05–140.04