Effects of Climate Change and Various Grassland Management Practices on Grasshopper (Orthoptera) Assemblages

Table 1

(a) The most important environmental parameters of the sampled areas; (b) main macroclimate parameters of the sampled areas.

(a)

Sampl. area	Height above sea-level (m)	Bedrock	Exposure	Soil	Local cover of humid grasslands	Hab. size (hect.)	Veg. cover	Veg. av. height^1	Water level (m)	Landuse
NySCf*	190	Gravel	—	fenny	6%	10	60–90%	90–100 cm	−0.8–0.0	Nonmanaged
KSCf*	135	Turf	—	fenny	24%	64	80–100%	70–80 cm	−1.5–0.1	Mowing^2; grazing^3
LLCf*	120	Turf	—	fenny	11%	84	70–90%	80–90 cm	−0.7–0.0	Mowing^4
NySM**	195	Gravel	—	sand	6%	50	80–90%	40–60 cm	−2.0–0.5	Mowing^2
LKM**	120	Turf	—	turf	6%	30	70–90%	60–80 cm	−1.5–0.7	Nonmanaged

1before mowing and grazing; 2once a year (July, August); 3moderately (0.1 beef/hectare) in late summer/autumn; ⁴mowing of Cladium mariscus had happened for two years in order to control its serious pressure on other grass species; *Cf = Calcareous fen, **M = Molinietum.

(b)

	Mean temperature (°C)						Mean rainfall (mm)
	2003	2005	2007	2009	2010	2011	2003	2005	2007	2009	2010	2011
April	10.2	11	13.1	14	11.3	13.5	25	62	2	11	67	21
May	18.1	16	17.4	16.3	16.2	16.2	22	60	93	70	132	19
June	22.8	18.3	21.6	17.8	18.6	21	15	71	53	47	142	47
July	22.1	20	21.9	21	21.8	21.2	72	120	53	84	37	86
August	23.2	18	20	21.2	21	21.8	66	204	172	63	155	41
September	15.8	16.1	14	17.6	14.5	17.5	32	59	122	31	132	23
Annual	10.9	9.7	11	10.9	9.8	11.1	490	765	840	700	950	350