Effects of Climate Change and Various Grassland Management Practices on Grasshopper (Orthoptera) Assemblages

Table 3

Results of testing effects of microclimate and management and their interactions on the species richness and abundance of the orthopteran species groups (general linear mixed model, one-way ANOVA, 𝑛=64).

	Microclimate and management			Macroclimate and management
	M	Mic	Mic × M	Ann	Ann × M	Seas	Ses × M
Species richness
Thermophilic spp.	𝟑.𝟐𝟒^∗∗	0.56	𝟏𝟕.𝟖𝟏^∗∗	1.44	𝟒.𝟓𝟏^∗∗	1.01	1.62
Hygrophilic spp.	1.51	0.78	2.56	𝟐.𝟓𝟐^∗∗	𝟐.𝟔𝟕^∗∗	𝟐.𝟎𝟐^∗	6.59
Pratinicole spp.	0.87	2.20	2.67	0.42	0.51	0.43	0.51
Graminicole spp.	𝟐.𝟓𝟑^∗	2.76	𝟔𝟗.𝟐𝟒^∗∗∗	1.44	1.48	1.44	1.48
Abundance
Thermophilic spp.	𝟑.𝟐𝟏^∗∗	2.37	𝟓.𝟎𝟒^∗	0.71	1.59	0.49	0.15
Hygrophilic spp.	𝟐.𝟐𝟓^∗	𝟒.𝟑𝟓^∗	0.81	1.69	𝟐.𝟑𝟕^∗	1.35	2.39
Pratinicole spp.	𝟐.𝟐𝟖^∗	𝟒𝟒.𝟗𝟕^∗∗∗	0.79	𝟔.𝟒𝟏^∗∗∗	𝟏𝟎.𝟏𝟏^∗∗∗	𝟔.𝟒𝟏^∗∗∗	𝟏𝟎.𝟏𝟎^∗∗∗
Graminicole spp.	𝟏𝟎.𝟕𝟐^∗∗∗	0.53	3.04	1.25	0.72	1.25	0.72

Model includes management (M), microclimate (Mic), annual and periodical (June, July, August, and September) macroclimate (Ann and Seas) and their interactions (Mic × M, Ann × M, Seas × M). Temperature (°C) and humidity (%) on the ground surface and at heights of 10, 20, and 30 cm in the grassland were involved in Mic. Mean temperature and rainfall of the period were involved in Ann and Seas. 𝐹 values are given. ^∗𝑃<0.05; ^∗∗𝑃<0.005; ^∗∗∗𝑃<0.001.