Phosphate-Mediated Remediation of Metals and Radionuclides

Figure 4

Subsurface hydrobiogeochemical conceptual model. Important chemical and microbial mediated processes that control metal speciation and contaminant transport within subsurface sediments include (a) Fe-hydroxide surface (clays) adsorption; (b) sediment organic matter adsorption; (c) microbial detoxification mechanisms contributing to microbial survival, adaptation, and contaminant immobilization. Microbial metabolic processes that increase local concentrations of anions (; e.g., , , and ) promote inorganic contaminant () mineralization [].