Advances in Microelectronics for Implantable Medical Devices

Table 1

Comparison of integrated neural amplifiers.

Parameter	[34]	[109]	[45]	[110]	[111]	[112]	[29]	[42]	[35]	[37]	[44]	[40]	[39]	[46]	[36]
Year	2003	2004	2007	2009	2009	2010	2010	2011	2012	2012	2013	2013	2013	2013	2013
Fully differential	No	No	No	No	Yes	Yes	Yes	No	Yes	Yes	No	No	No	No	Yes
CMOS process (𝜇m)	0.5	1.5	0.18	0.35	0.13	0.35	0.18	0.18	0.13	0.13	0.35	0.18	0.18	0.18	0.18
Area (mm^2)	0.16	0.107	0.05	N/A	N/A	0.02	N/A	0.063	0.054	0.072	0.065	0.065	N/A	0.76	0.16
Supply voltage (V)	5	3	1.8	1	1	3	1.6	1.8	1.2	1	3	1.8	1/1.8	1	1.2
Supply current (𝜇A)	16	38.27	4.67	1.26	12.5	2.8	43.12	4.4	1.6	12.1	2	6.1	1.2	13	0.36
Gain (dB)	39.5	39.3	49.52	45.7	38.3	33	19.1/37.5	39.4	47.5	40	37.5	48/60	54.8/60.9	44.5/55.9	26
Bandwidth (Hz)	25 m–7.2 k	0–9.1 k	98.4–9.1 k	0.23–7.8 k	23 m–11.5 k	10–5 k	100–8 k	10–7.2 k	167–6.9 k	50 m–10.5 k	1–10 k	0.3–9 k	0.38–5.1 k	1–10 k	80–15 k
Input-referred noise; (𝜇Vrms)	2.2	7.8	5.6	4.43	1.95	6.08	2.36	3.5	3.8	2.2	10.6	5	4	4.4*	8.1
Noise bandwidth (Hz)	N/A	0.1–10 k	1–9.1 k	1–12 k	0.1–25.6 k	10–5 k	1–8 k	10–100 k	1–100 k	0.1–105 k	1–10 k	1–8 k	1–8 k	0.3–10 k	N/A
CMRR (dB)	≥83	N/A	52.68	58	>63	60	79	70.1	83	80	74	48	>60	N/A	>60
PSRR (dB)	≥85	N/A	51.93	40	>63	N/A	62	63.8	70	≥80	55	55	>70	N/A	>80
THD; Input range (mVpp)	1%; 16.7	1.1%; 5	1%; 2.4	0.53%; 5.2	1%; 1	N/A	N/A	1%; 5.7	1%; 3.1	1%; 1	1%; 2.4	1.2; 1	1%; 1.63	1.03; **	0.05%; 10
NEF	4	19.4	4.9	2.16	2.48	5.55	6.68	3.35	2.16	2.9	5.78	4.6	1.9	5.45	1.52
NEF^2×VDD	80	1129	43.22	4.53	6.15	92.41	71.39	20.20	5.59	8.41	100.22	38.08	3.61	29.7	2.77

∗Referred to the input node of the electrode.
**The amplitude range of the input current is 20 nA_pp.