Biostimulation for the Enhanced Degradation of Herbicides in Soil

Table 1

Use of organic amendments and bioprocessed materials for the enhanced degradation of herbicides.

Amendment(s)	Target herbicide(s)	Major finding	Reference
Animal manure and sewage sludge	Atrazine and alachlor	Herbicide degradation has been stimulated by the amendments	[39]
Activated sludge	Atrazine and simazine	Achieved a biodegradation of 25.2 and 32.8%, respectively, in 9 hours	[40]
Sewage sludge and corn meal	Alachlor and trifluralin	Significant dissipation of herbicide achieved in amended treatments	[41]
Maize straw	Methabenzthiazuron	Significantly enhanced the degradation and mineralization of the herbicide	[42]
Dairy manure	Atrazine	Identified as a successful technique to enhance the remediation of herbicide-contaminated soil	[43]
Dairy manure	Atrazine	Lag period prior to herbicide degradation was significantly shortened in manure-treated plot	[44]
Cornmeal, rye grass, and poultry litter	Cyanazine and fluometuron	All the amendments enhanced the herbicide degradation and facilitated mineralization	[45]
Plant residues, ground seed, or commercial meal	Alachlor, metolachlor, atrazine, and trifluralin	Acknowledged the use of organic amendments as an inexpensive option for the disposal of herbicide waste	[46]
Cellulose, straw, and compost	Atrazine	Organic matter addition stimulated the herbicide dealkylation in nonadapted soils	[47]
Compost, corn stalks, corn fermentation by-product, peat, manure, and sawdust	Atrazine, trifluralin, and metolachlor	5% addition of amendments resulted in significant increase in bacterial population and dehydrogenase activity	[48]
Raw olive cake	Chlorsulfuron, prosulfuron, and bensulfuron	Stimulated the microbial dehydrogenase activity	[49]
Biogas slurry, mushroom spent compost, and farm yard manure	Atrazine	Atrazine dissipation was observed to be highest (34%) with biogas slurry	[4]
Rice straw, farm yard manure, saw dust, and charcoal	Atrazine	Farm yard manure was found to be the most effective for the degradation of herbicide (89.5% degradation in 60 days)	[50]