Status and Causes of Soil Salinization of Irrigated Agricultural Lands in Southern Baja California, Mexico

Table 4

Physicochemical properties of soils in the investigated area.

		Particle size distribution (%)							The amount of soluble salts in saturated extract (cmolc kg−1)
Soil Horizon	Depth (cm)	Coarse sand	Fine sand	Silt	Clay	Soil Texure	pH	EC dS m−1	Cations				Anions				SAR (mmol L^−1)^1/2
									Ca^2+	Mg^2+	K^+	Na^+	SO4^2−	NO3^−	HCO3^−	Cl−
Site 1-1; No cultivation (before application of diluted sulfuric acid)—November, 2002
A1	0–10	73.42	22.58	2.91	1.09	S	8.17	0.49	0.07	0.03	0.04	0.04	0.01	0.00	0.19	0.02	1.07
A2	10–20	53.72	39.51	3.38	3.39	S	8.04	0.57	0.08	0.03	0.03	0.07	0.02	0.00	0.15	0.05	1.78
C11	20–30	57.66	36.02	2.21	4.11	S	8.05	0.80	0.13	0.05	0.02	0.05	0.01	0.01	0.20	0.10	1.00
C12	30–40	66.44	26.66	4.63	2.27	S	8.10	0.61	0.03	0.11	0.02	0.04	0.01	0.00	0.13	0.05	0.90
C21	40–50	68.98	25.30	3.50	2.22	S	8.14	0.68	0.15	0.04	0.01	0.05	0.01	0.01	0.16	0.06	0.97
C22	50–60	65.09	30.33	3.55	1.03	S	8.02	0.54	0.02	0.09	0.01	0.06	0.01	0.02	0.15	0.04	1.52
C31	60–80	73.54	22.85	3.11	0.50	S	8.05	0.42	0.06	0.01	0.01	0.04	0.01	0.02	0.08	0.02	1.26
C32	80–90	65.36	29.82	3.28	1.54	S	7.90	0.32	0.04	0.01	0.01	0.03	0.01	0.01	0.06	0.01	1.14
C41	90–105	69.82	26.26	2.85	1.07	S	7.98	0.35	0.01	0.06	0.01	0.05	0.01	0.01	0.13	0.02	1.59
C42	105–115+	70.16	24.82	3.98	1.04	S	7.94	0.31	0.04	0.01	0.01	0.03	0.01	0.00	0.06	0.01	1.14
Site 1-2; After cultivation of fulijol beans (after application of diluted sulfuric acid))—November, 2004
Ap11	0–10	60.62	32.17	4.67	2.54	S	7.93	0.70	0.06	0.03	0.03	0.11	0.02	0.00	0.05	0.16	3.09
Ap12	10–18	57.07	35.85	4.02	3.06	S	8.08	0.48	0.06	0.03	0.03	0.05	0.01	0.00	0.04	0.11	1.32
Ap2	18–28	60.68	33.42	3.73	2.17	S	8.00	0.69	0.05	0.02	0.02	0.13	0.03	0.00	0.03	0.18	3.85
C11	28–37	76.15	19.58	2.47	1.80	S	7.78	0.83	0.08	0.04	0.02	0.13	0.03	0.00	0.02	0.20	3.26
C12	37–50/58	62.71	32.60	2.99	1.70	S	5.23	0.77	0.07	0.04	0.01	0.11	0.02	0.00	0.00	0.19	2.69
C21	50/58–62	66.10	30.43	2.70	0.77	S	4.67	0.56	0.04	0.03	0.01	0.09	0.01	0.00	0.00	0.14	2.91
C22	62–80	58.87	37.11	2.47	1.55	S	5.32	0.37	0.02	0.02	0.01	0.07	0.01	0.00	0.00	0.08	2.91
C23	80–105	82.96	15.37	1.39	0.28	S	5.00	0.27	0.01	0.01	0.01	0.05	0.01	0.00	0.00	0.05	3.15
C3	105–115+	79.63	17.45	1.36	1.56	S	7.03	0.18	0.01	0.01	0.01	0.04	0.00	0.00	0.01	0.03	2.15
Site 2; Under cultivation of chille guerito—November, 2002
Ap1	0–8	20.94	61.06	8.88	9.12	SL	7.89	2.51	0.32	0.18	0.05	0.36	0.17	0.19	0.04	0.46	4.21
Ap2	8–16	20.18	61.41	9.56	8.85	SL	7.86	1.29	0.16	0.08	0.04	0.20	0.04	0.11	0.04	0.17	3.23
C11	16–29	21.25	59.39	9.82	9.54	SL	7.61	1.08	0.12	0.05	0.05	0.15	0.03	0.16	0.02	0.08	3.08
C12	29–40	24.80	53.10	10.46	11.64	SL	7.58	0.72	0.08	0.03	0.03	0.11	0.03	0.10	0.02	0.08	2.65
C21	40–55	26.99	49.74	10.31	12.96	SL	7.68	0.66	0.08	0.03	0.02	0.10	0.02	0.07	0.02	0.08	2.44
C22	55–65/71	24.74	51.11	9.72	14.43	SL	7.79	0.68	0.09	0.04	0.01	0.11	0.03	0.06	0.03	0.09	2.38
C3	65/71–75+	23.74	51.81	11.21	13.24	SL	8.17	0.66	0.09	0.03	0.01	0.10	0.03	0.02	0.06	0.11	2.48
Site 3; Under cultivation of chille guerito—November, 2002
Ap1	0–10	20.99	53.62	9.93	15.46	SCL	7.45	3.13	0.62	0.36	0.04	0.23	0.09	0.94	0.02	0.18	1.76
Ap2	10–22	20.73	53.86	9.09	16.32	SCL	7.89	2.30	0.44	0.24	0.02	0.23	0.14	0.51	0.06	0.15	2.09
C11	22–33	18.95	52.40	10.09	18.56	SCL	7.93	0.99	0.16	0.09	0.02	0.12	0.05	0.08	0.05	0.21	1.77
C12	33–45	18.93	50.25	11.41	19.41	SCL	7.81	0.83	0.13	0.07	0.02	0.15	0.04	0.04	0.04	0.22	2.46
C21	45–55	24.30	46.20	10.74	18.76	SCL	7.69	0.87	0.13	0.07	0.01	0.13	0.04	0.03	0.03	0.22	2.28
C22	55–65	30.29	41.45	10.55	17.71	SCL	7.84	0.79	0.13	0.06	0.01	0.14	0.04	0.01	0.03	0.22	2.48
C3	65–75+	38.40	37.75	8.18	15.67	SCL	7.64	0.89	0.12	0.06	0.01	0.12	0.04	0.01	0.02	0.21	2.35
Site 4-1; Under cultivation of chille guerito—November, 2002
Ap1	0–10	3.30	40.68	25.84	30.18	LiC	8.10	5.25	0.70	0.64	0.15	2.36	0.65	0.37	0.17	2.31	11.87
Ap2	10–22	3.01	43.87	25.57	27.55	LiC	8.45	2.93	0.09	0.08	0.07	1.44	0.18	0.51	0.22	0.59	22.03
Bw	22–35	2.79	35.92	25.72	35.57	LiC	8.15	9.45	0.60	0.68	0.24	6.49	2.18	0.20	0.14	5.09	31.23
Bk	35–46/49	1.84	36.28	25.97	35.91	LiC	7.56	42.00	3.94	7.55	0.52	25.03	2.27	0.37	0.11	27.90	41.49
Bkm	46/49–60+	2.12	35.48	25.25	37.15	LiC	7.68	30.50	1.90	4.14	0.71	19.94	2.03	0.00	0.10	19.81	44.10
Site 4-2; Under cultivation of fulijol beans—November, 2002
Ap1	0–10	5.83	45.45	21.97	26.75	LiC	7.99	18.15	2.31	0.54	0.37	11.91	4.43	0.36	0.13	9.03	40.89
Ap2	10–20/25	5.47	46.50	22.02	26.01	LiC	8.16	3.97	0.97	0.18	0.10	1.86	1.77	0.26	0.15	0.48	10.49
Bk	20/25–39/41	2.63	41.11	22.96	33.30	LiC	8.22	11.93	1.71	0.25	0.35	10.36	10.76	0.00	0.12	1.30	39.57
BC	39/41–66/71	3.04	42.53	24.65	29.78	LiC	7.93	39.60	0.49	0.22	0.59	27.72	5.27	0.00	0.13	21.18	192.69
Bkm	66/71–75+	2.03	70.87	15.83	11.27	SCL	7.48	66.90	0.50	0.35	0.68	35.48	2.28	0.00	0.05	31.02	268.18
Site 5; Under cultivation of chille guerito—November, 2002
Ap1	0–5	9.86	9.09	27.40	53.65	HC	8.15	4.32	0.56	0.40	0.24	1.80	0.16	0.63	0.13	1.69	10.70
Ap2	5–17/32	10.35	9.34	27.51	52.80	HC	8.58	1.81	0.14	0.09	0.10	0.81	0.09	0.36	0.21	0.31	9.78
Bk11	17/32–35	12.93	8.62	23.56	54.89	HC	8.71	1.30	0.05	0.03	0.04	0.66	0.07	0.00	0.21	0.44	14.01
Bk12	35–55	7.05	8.98	25.97	58.00	HC	8.38	6.97	0.30	0.45	0.24	5.07	1.06	0.00	0.23	4.26	29.53
Bk2	55–60+	6.07	8.86	25.91	59.16	HC	8.25	10.50	0.44	0.80	0.28	7.95	1.04	0.00	0.20	7.29	36.23